Alegoria w „Historii powszechnej” Teofilakta Simokatty. Przyczynek do badań nad obecnością alegorii w literaturze bizantyńskiej
Abstrakt
: The History by Theophylact Simocatta constitutes a very important source for the history of Byzantine civilization in the last two decades of the sixth century, especially within the context of the appearance of the Avars and Slavs in the Balkans. Its importance as a source is also to be valued in the aspect of the Persian conflict on the eastern border.
Photius, the Patriarch of Constantinople (cod. 65, ed. Henry) was very strict in his opinion of the allegories present in Simocatta’s prose. The purpose of this paper is to verify the appropriateness of such harsh review by analyzing the presence of allegory in historical narrative in question.
The analysis of all allegorical images present in Theophylact’s work has confirmed that the opinion presented by the author of Bibliotheca was indeed proper. Allegories in question prove to be highly conventional, lacking creativity, indistinctive and quite standard for the time. Only the image of Odysseus wandering, which served as allegory of writing, deserves to be called authentic and emotional. Not only are they of middling artistic value, but also they do not provide any help in interpreting the historical events they describe. Moreover, there is one fragment, where the allegory used can be even misleading and cause some misunderstandings of the text.
Nevertheless, other rhetorical structures present in Theophylact’s History deserve to be praised, such as the method in which he uses the quotes from the epic. Such quotes are always very smoothly and diligently composed into narrative and designed to strengthen the author’s axiological argumentation, which seems to be a universal standard in Byzantine literature.
Słowa kluczowe
Teofilakt Simokatta; Focjusz; historiografia bizantyjska; alegoria; Słowianie
Bibliografia
De Boor, Carolus, ed. Excerpta de legationibus. Berolini: apud Weidmannos, 1903.
Focjusz. Biblioteka, trans. Oktawiusz Jurewicz. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy „PAX”, 1986-1999.
Gallet, Bernard. Recherches sur Kairos et l'ambiguite dans la poesie de Pindare. Bordeaux: Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 1990.
Gerlach, Wolfgang. „Staat und Staatsschift”, Das Gymnasium, no. 48 (1937): 127-139.
Hägg, Thomas. Photios als Vermittler antiker Literatur: Untersuchungen zur Technik des Referierens und Exczerpierens in der Bibliotheke (Studia Graeca Upsaliensia 8). Stockholm: Almquist och Wikseli, 1975.
Homer. Iliada, trans. Kazimiera Jeżewska. Warszawa: Prószyński i Ska, 1999.
Allen, Thomas William, ed. Homeri Opera, vol. 1-5. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1912.
Hunger, Herbert. „On the Imitation (MIMESIS) of Antiquity in Byzantine Literature”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, no. 23-24 (1969-1970): 15-38.
Kotłowska, Anna. Słowianie w ‘Historii powszechnej’ Teofilakta Simokatty – bizantyńska perspektywa aksjologiczna (w druku)
Kotłowska, Anna, et Łukasz Różycki, Teofilakt Simokatta, Historia powszechna. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, (w druku).
Kotłowska, Anna, et Łukasz Różycki, „The Role and Place of Speeches in the Work of Theophylact Simocatta”. Vox Partum, no. 34 (2016): 353-382.
Lazenby, John Francis, Hannibal’s War. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1978.
Lloyd, Allan Brian, ed. A Companion to Ancient Egypt, vol. 1-2. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010
Naumowicz, Józef. Wczesnochrześcijańscy pisarze aleksandryjscy w Bibliotece Focjusza (Archiwum Filologiczne 53). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy Imienia Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1995.
Photius. Bibliothèque, vol. 1-8, ed. René Henry. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1959-1977.
Popper, Karl Raimund. Społeczeństwo otwarte i jego wrogowie. Vol. 1, Urok Platona, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Nauowe PWN, 2006.
Tallet, Pierre. Sésostris III et la fin de la XIIe Dynastie. Paris: Pygmalion, 2005.
Theophylacti Simocattae Historiae, ed. Carolus De Boor, editionem correctiorem curavit explicationibusque recentioribus adornavit Peter Wirth. Stutgardiae: in Aedibus B.G. Teubneri, 1972
Treadgold, Warren, The Nature of the Bibliotheca of Photius. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks center for Byzantine studies, 1980.
Yanagihara, Hanya, Małe życie. Warszawa: W.A.B., 2015.
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu Polska
Wszystkie artykuły prezentowane na łamach „Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo” są publikowane w otwartym dostępie na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa wersja 3.0 (CC-BY) 
