Ojczyzna i siedziba Drakuli, czyli złe miejsce w Europie

Patrycjusz Pająk

Opublikowane: 2014-06-02

Nr 4(7) (2014)

Ojczyzna i siedziba Drakuli, czyli złe miejsce w Europie

Patrycjusz Pająk

Abstrakt

Bram Stoker’s Dracula is the most famous example of a successful symbiosis between Gothicism and balkanism. With this symbiosis, Irish author refreshes and popularizes the vampire myth and enriches it with the myth of Transylvania as a homeland of vampirism. Stoker tries to make the image of Transylvania as authentic as possible, but at the same time, he mystifies some facts. He creates Transylvania in accordance with balkanistic stereotype as a beautiful, but backward land. European culture is mingled there with the oriental culture. Count Dracula’s vampirism is a horrible effect of this cultural hybridization. According to psychoanalytic interpretation, the castle o fa vampire symbolizes the unconsciousness of Westerners, and the vampire is their double. Dracula embodies their repressed ideas related to the desire of absolute power which enables to satisfy the instincts freely. The balkanistic context of psychoanalytic interpretation of Dracula’s castle allows the extension of this interpretation to the entire Transylvania, which in Stoker’s novel is a metonymy of the Balkans and Eastern Europe. This region of Europe was in the 19th century regarded in the West as the boundary between Europe and Asia, and it serves as a locus horridus, that is to say, a bad place which is a reservoir of culturally forbidden desires that Westerners repress by attributing them to the Eastern European culture.

Słowa kluczowe:

Drakula, Stoker, gotycyzm, bałkanizm, Transylwania, zamek, locus horridus, Bałkany

Podobne artykuły

Możesz również Rozpocznij zaawansowane wyszukiwanie podobieństw dla tego artykułu.

Pobierz pliki

PDF

Zasady cytowania

Pająk, P. (2014). Ojczyzna i siedziba Drakuli, czyli złe miejsce w Europie. Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo, (4(7), 239–261. Pobrano z https://www.journals.polon.uw.edu.pl/index.php/pfl/article/view/214

Cited by / Share

Bibliografia

Arata Stephen. 1996. Fictions of Loss in the Victorian Fin de Siècle. Cambridge - New York: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Ariès Philippe. 2011. Człowiek i śmierć. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Aletheia.
Google Scholar

Barber Paul. 1988. Vampires, Burial, and Death. Folklore and Reality. New Haven − London: Yale University Press.
Google Scholar

Brooks Peter. 1995. The Melodramatic Imagination. Balzac, Henry James, Melodrama, and the Mode of Excess. New Haven − London: Yale University Press.
Google Scholar

Browning John Edgar, Caroline Joan (Kay) Picart, red. 2011. Dracula in Visual Media. Film, Television, Comic Book and Electronic Game Appearances, 1921−2010. Jefferson, NC, London: McFarland.
Google Scholar

Cain Jimmie. E. 2006. Bram Stoker and Russophobia. Evidence of the British fear of Russia in Dracula and The Lady of the Shroud. Jefferson: McFarland.
Google Scholar

Cavallaro Dani. 2002. The Gothic Vision. Three Centuries of Horror, Terror and Fear. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Google Scholar

Coundouriotis Eleni. 1999/2000. "Dracula and the idea of Europe". Connotations 2 : 143-149.
Google Scholar

Czamańska Ilona. 2003. Drakula. Wampir, tyran czy bohater? Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
Google Scholar

Czyż Antoni. 2002. Barok. W Słownik literatury polskiej XIX wieku, red. Bachórz Józef, Alina Kowalczykowa, 76-77. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
Google Scholar

Czyż Antoni. 1997. Romantyczny barok, barokowy romantyzm. Prolegomena. W Władza marzeń. Studia o wyobraźni i tekstach, 258-261. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane WSP.
Google Scholar

Dittmer Jason. 2002/2003. "Dracula and the cultural construction of Europe", Connotations 2-3 : 238, 242-243.
Google Scholar

Eighteen-Bisang Robert, Elizabeth Miller, red. 2008. Bram Stoker’s Notes for Dracula. A Fascimile Edition. Jefferson − London: McFarland.
Google Scholar

Foucault Michel. 1995. Historia seksualności. Warszawa: Czytelnik.
Google Scholar

Freud Sigmund. 1997. Niesamowite. W Dzieła, t. 3. - Pisma psychologiczne, 233-262. Warszawa: KR.
Google Scholar

Freud Sigmund. 1996. Dzieła, t. 1. - Objaśnianie marzeń sennych. Warszawa: KR.
Google Scholar

Freud Sigmund. 1984. Wstęp do psychoanalizy. Warszawa: PWN.
Google Scholar

Gibson Matthew. 2006. Dracula and the Eastern Question. British and French Vampire Narratives of the Nineteenth-Century Near East. Basingstoke − New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar

Goldsworthy Vesna. 1998. Inventing Ruritania. The Imperialism of the Imagination. New Haven − London: Yale University Press.
Google Scholar

Jezernik Božidar. 2007. Dzika Europa. Bałkany w oczach zachodnich podróżników. Kraków: Universitas.
Google Scholar

Johnson Alan. 1987. "Bent and broken necks. Signs of design in Stoker’s Dracula". The Victorian Newsletter 72 : 17-24.
Google Scholar

Light Duncan. 2005. "The people of Bram Stoker’s Transylvania". Dracula Studies 7 : 39-41.
Google Scholar

Lorinczi Marinella. 1996. "Transylvania and the Balkans as multiethnic regions in the works of Bram Stoker". Europea 2 : 8.
Google Scholar

Michałowska Teresa. 1970. Między poezją a wymową. Konwencje i tradycje staropolskiej prozy nowelistycznej. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
Google Scholar

Praz Mario. 1974. Zmysły, śmierć i diabeł w literaturze romantycznej. Warszawa: PWN.
Google Scholar

Punter David. 1996. The Literature of Terror. A History of Gothic Fictions from 1765 to the Present Day, t. 2. London - New York: Longman.
Google Scholar

Salmi Hannu. 2010. Europa XIX wieku. Historia kulturowa. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
Google Scholar

Stoker Bram. 2013. Drakula. Kraków: Vis-a-vis/Etiuda: Wydawnictwo Mystery.
Google Scholar

Todorova Maria. 2008. Bałkany wyobrażone. Wołowiec: Czarne.
Google Scholar

Wall Geoffrey. 1984. "Different writing: Dracula in 1897". Literature and History 10 : 20.
Google Scholar

Žižek Slavoj. 2003. Patrząc z ukosa. Do Lacana przez kulturę popularną. Warszawa: KR.
Google Scholar