GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING TEXTS IN ENGLISH

 

1. General rules

• Submitted materials should be written in British English and saved in Microsoft Word format (.doc or .docx) or as RTF, without non-breaking spaces and hard line breaks, and without formatting (e.g. headings, automatic bibliographies).
• The length of the text should be:
  • 20,000–40,000 characters including spaces for scholarly articles and essays,
  • 15,000–30,000 characters including spaces for review articles and talks;
  • longer texts may be accepted in justified cases.
• The article should include an introductory section with a clearly defined aim and methodology, a main body, a conclusion, and a bibliography.
• The article should include titles in Polish and English, abstracts in Polish and English, keywords in Polish and English
• For non-Polish-speaking authors, the editorial team will prepare the Polish titles, abstracts, and keywords.
• The text should be prepared in Times New Roman, 12 pt, with 1.5 line spacing, 2.5 cm margins, and justified alignment.
• The first paragraph of each subsection should be written without indentation.
• Quotations should be enclosed in quotation marks, without italics.
• Quotations longer than three lines should be placed in separate blocks (Times New Roman, 11 pt); one blank line before and after, 12 pt.
• It is permissible to continue a paragraph after a block quotation; in such cases, no paragraph indentation is used.
• Omissions in quotations should be marked as […].
• A quotation within a quotation should be written as: “xxx ‘yyy’ xxx”.
• A title within a title should be written as: An Essay on The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins.
• Parentheses within parentheses should be used only when absolutely necessary: (xxx [xxx] xxx).
• When a person’s name is mentioned for the first time, provide the full first and last name; in subsequent mentions, use only the surname.
• If a person did/does not use the full version of their first name(s) professionally, do not expand it (e.g. L. Frank Baum, not Lyman Frank Baum).
• Always use a space between two initials (e.g. J. K. Rowling).
• Do not expand abbreviations such as etc.
• Numerals from one to nine should be written out in words; 10 and above should be written as digits.
• Use consistent transcription (e.g. from Cyrillic or other non-Latin alphabets); transcription is mandatory both in the main text and in the bibliography and should be written without diacritical marks.
• Editorial insertions in quotations should be placed in square brackets, without initials:
  “This is a [new] book” (Johnson, 2015, pp. 13–14).
• When adding emphasis in a quotation, place the formula [emphasis added] immediately after it; if there are several emphases within one quotation, use [emphases added] after the last one.
• If the emphasis comes from the original, use [emphasis in original] or [emphases in original], respectively.
• Quotations from foreign-language texts should be provided only in Polish translation, without quoting the original (unless the text is translation-focused and this is essential).
• If you wish to indicate that the translation is your own, use a footnote:
  “Translation by the author of the article – Anna Kowalska.”
• If there are multiple such quotations, use the following formula in the first footnote:
  “Unless otherwise stated, all translations by the author of the article – Anna Kowalska.”

 

2. Bibliography and references

 

• In-text references and the bibliography should follow a modified APA 7 model. Texts that do not attempt to comply with these rules will be rejected.
• In-text references should have the form: (Author, year, p. xx).
• Do not use “ibid.” If a reference to the same work is repeated within one paragraph, after the first full reference provide only the page number in parentheses, e.g.: Xxxxxxxxxxx (Kowalski, 2018, p. 15). Xxxxxxxx (p. 23). Roman numerals in page numbers should be written in lowercase (xv, not XV).
• The references should appear at the end of the text, without dividing it into primary and secondary literature. It should be ordered alphabetically, and chronologically within a single author.
• If there are several works by the same author(s) from the same year, add letters a, b, c to the publication date:
  • Kostecki, J. (1978a)…
  • Kostecki, J. (1978b)…
  • Kostecki, J. (2011)…
  • Kowalska, A. (1970)…
• In in-text references to several works by different authors, separate them with semicolons and list them alphabetically; works by the same author(s) should be separated by commas, without repeating the surname(s):
  • (Kostecki, 1978a, 1978b, 2011; Kowalska, 1970).
• For more than two authors, list all authors in the bibliography, but in the text give only the first author followed by “et al.”.
• Provide the DOI number (if available) after the name of the publisher or journal, following a period.
• Titles and subtitles of “whole works” (books, journals, games, films, series) should be italicised.
• Titles and subtitles of “parts” (book chapters, articles, TV episodes) should not be italicised.
• titles should follow the conventions of the given language (e.g. a period between the title and subtitle in Polish but a colon in English).
• In the references, use sentence case (How do we feel: A study), while in the main text, use title case (How Do We Feel: A Study).
• When referencing films, series, and other audiovisual materials, do not provide timestamps.
• In the names of publishers, labels, and institutions, omit terms such as Publisher, Publishing, Books, Co., Press etc.; retain them only if they are modified by an adjective or include a complement (e.g. New Black Books).
• Whenever possible, use established abbreviations of publishers’ names, e.g New York UP instead of New York University Press.

 

3. Examples of bibliographic entries with in-text references

 

Single-author book

Zipes, J. (2006). Why fairy tales stick: The evolution and relevance of a genre. Routledge.

• In-text reference: (Zipes, 2006).

• Reference to a specific passage: (Zipes, 2006, pp. 3–4).

 

Multi-author book

Jones, E., Lovea, B., & Zunder, A. (2017). Ethics. New York UP.

• In-text reference: (Jones et al., 2017).

 

Edition other than the first (two options)

Hunt, P. (2010). Understanding children’s literature (2^nd ed.). Routledge.

• In-text reference: (Hunt, 2010).

 

Hunt, P. (2010). Understanding children’s literature. Routledge. (Original work published 1994).

• In-text reference: (Hunt, 1994/2010).

 

Translated book

Benjamin, W. (1999). The storyteller: Reflections on the works of Nikolai Leskov (H. Zohn, Trans.). Schocken. (Original work published 1936).

• In-text reference: (Benjamin, 1936/1999).

 

Edited book

Grenby, M. O., & Reynolds, K. (Eds.). (2011). Children’s literature studies: A research handbook. Palgrave Macmillan.

• In-text reference: (Grenby & Reynolds, 2011).

 

Book with DOI

Kümmerling-Meibauer, B. (Ed.). (2011). Emergent literacy: Children’s books from 0 to 3. Johns Hopkins UP. https://doi.org/10.1075/swll.13.01kum.

 

E-book

Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success. Little, Brown. https://www.amzn.com/dp/B001ANYDAO.

• Reference to a specific passage: (Gladwell, 2008, section 12, para. 3).

 

Text in a single-author volume

Angelou, M. (1993). Still I rise. In The complete collected poems of Maya Angelou (pp. 41–43). Random House.

 

Comic book / graphic novel / picturebook

Moore, A., & Lloyd, D. (1990). V for Vendetta. DC.

• In-text reference: (Moore & Lloyd, 1990).

 

Illustrated book

Carroll, L. (1865). Alice’s adventures in Wonderland (J. Tenniel, Ill.). Macmillan.

• In-text reference: (Carroll, 1865).

 

Group / institutional authorship

UNICEF. (2022). Children in a digital world: Protecting rights and promoting well-being. Routledge.

• In-text reference: (UNICEF, 2022).

 

Chapter in an edited volume

Bottigheimer, R. B. (2004). Fertility control and the birth of the modern European fairy-tale heroine. In D. Haase (Ed.), Fairy tales and feminism: New approaches (pp. 37–51). Wayne State UP.

 

Chapter in a single-author book

Sedgwick, E. K. (1985). Toward the Gothic: Terrorism and homosexual panic. In Between men: English literature and male homosexual desire (pp. 83–96). Columbia UP.

 

Reprinted text

Bettelheim, B. (2010). The struggle for meaning. In The uses of enchantment. Vintage. (Original work published 1976).

• In-text reference: (Bettelheim, 1976/2010).

 

Article in a journal

Bullen, E., Sewers, N. (2017). The fairy tale police department: Hybridity, the transnational television fairy tale, and cultural forms. Marvels & Tales, 31(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.13110/marvelstales.31.1.0024.

• In-text reference: (Bullen & Sewers, 2017).

 

No stated authorship

The future of children’s media. (2019). The Times, 12, 4.

• In-text reference: (“The Future of Children’s Media,” 2019).

 

Film

Sanders, C., DeBlois, D. (Directors). (2010). How to train your dragon [Film]. Paramount.

• In-text reference: (Sanders & DeBlois, 2010).
• Reference to a specific scene, if necessary: (Sanders, DeBlois, 2010, 1:15:45–1:16:12).

 

Television series

Duffer, M., Duffer, R. (Producers). (2016–2025). Stranger things [Television series]. Netflix.

• In-text reference: (Duffer & Duffer, 2016–2025).

 

Podcast series

Glass, I. (Host). (2014–). Serial [Podcast series]. This American Life.

• In-text reference: (Glass, 2014–).

 

Episode of a television series

Duffer, M., Duffer, R. (Writers & Directors). (2016, July 15). Chapter one: The vanishing of Will Byers [TV series episode]. In M. Duffer & R. Duffer (Producers), Stranger things (Season 1, Episode 1). Netflix.

• In-text reference: (Duffer & Duffer, 2016).

 

Video game

Blizzard North. (2000). Diablo II [Video game]. Blizzard.

• In-text reference: (Blizzard North, 2000).

 

Song

Swift, T. (2020). August [Song]. In Folklore. Republic.

• In-text reference: (Swift, 2020).

 

Music album

Swift, T. (2020). Folklore [Album]. Republic.

• In-text reference: (Swift, 2020).

 

Thesis

Brown, L. (2016). Representations of childhood in contemporary fantasy literature [PhD thesis]. University of Cambridge, UK.

• In-text reference: (Brown, 2016).

 

Conference paper

Andre, J. (2018, June 12–14). Why stories matter [Conference paper]. International Research Society for Children’s Literature Conference, Stockholm, Sweden.

• In-text reference: (Andre, 2018).

 

Entry in an online encyclopedia or dictionary

 

With authorship:
Smith, L. (2021). Picturebook. In Oxford English Dictionary. https://www.oed.com/picturebook.

• In-text reference: (Smith, 2021).

 

Without authorship:
Cleve Backster. (2024, December 5). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleve_Backster.

• In-text reference: (“Cleve Backster,” 2024).

 

Article in an online journal with an associated newspaper

Mumford, G. (2017, March 16). Beauty and the Beast: Disney refuses to cut gay scene for Malaysian release. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/mar/16/beauty-and-the-beast-disney-gay-scene-malaysia

• In-text reference: (Mumford, 2017).

 

Webpage or piece of online content

Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horror-movies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e.

• In-text reference: (Bologna, 2019)

 

Online video

Lushi, K. [Korab Lushi]. (2016, June 3). Albatross culture 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AMrJRQDPjk&t=148s

• In-text reference: (Lushi [Korab Lushi], 2016).

 

Social media page

Little River Canyon National Preserve. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/lirinps/.

• In-text reference: (Little River Canyon National Preserve, n.d.).

 

Social media post

Doe, J. [@childlitresearch]. (2022, April 18). Why fairy tales still matter today [Post]. X. https://x.com/childlitresearch/status/1234567890123456789.

• In-text reference: (Doe [@childlitresearch], 2022).

 

Archival source

British National Archives. (1945, ref. no. INF 1/292). Children’s book publishing during wartime. Collection: Children and War.

• In-text reference: (British National Archives, 1945, ref. no. INF 1/292).
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Publishing model

The journal "Dzieciństwo. Literatura i Kultura" ("Childhood: Literature and Culture") applies Platinum Open Access.

This means that we do not charge fees from authors (APC) and upon publication of the issue, all articles are available free of charge on the journal's website. The publishing activities of the journal are financed by the University of Warsaw.

Copyright Notice

Open Access Policy

All articles presented on the pages of ”Dzieciństwo. Literatura i Kultura” are published in open access under a Creative Commons license - Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). It means that:

•  they can be made available and quoted under the condition of explicit and clear indication of the author/authors of the referenced text;
• you cannot use legal or technological means that would limit others in using the text under the terms of the license.

More information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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