Published: 2023-01-23

Songs around the campfire: Usin Kerim's debut as a legitimation of the "Roma presence" in Bulgarian literature in the PRB era

Plamen Dojnov
Zeszyty Łużyckie
Section: Articles
DOI https://doi.org/10.32798/zl.1071

Abstract

The article examines Usin Kerim's debut collection of poems “Songs around the campfire” (1955) as an example of literary legitimation of the Roma ethnic group in the Bulgarian totalitarian regime of the 1950s. The critical and readerly success of this debut despite the  institutional censoring of the poet (labeled i.a. as a “drunkard” and “scandal seeker”), is examined. In the context of the assimilation policy adopted by the Bulgarian Communist Party towards the “Gypsy minority”, Usin Kerim was chosen as one of the cultural emblems of his ethnic group – a young author of Roma poetry written in Bulgarian language, fitting into the new socialist culture. The figurative foundation of Usin-Kerim’s lyrics (the legend-based world of Romani fairy tales, songs of Romani romantic vitality and of the Gypsy honor) is emphasized, however placed in the context of the “modernization leap”, i.e. signalling the act of overcoming the backwardness of the Gypsies-nomad people, and their inclusion in organized labor in the name of a “united socialist nation” and the Motherland. In “Songs around the campfire”, Usin Kerim’s protagonist turns into a figure of success – embodying a benchmark for the Roma community in the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, its lyrical spokesman affirming the ideas of a new integrity under the auspices of “socialist patriotism”.

Keywords:

People’s Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgarian literature, Roma, Gypsies, minority, integration, assimilation, katun, Roma poetry, socialist realism

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Dojnov, P. (2023). Songs around the campfire: Usin Kerim’s debut as a legitimation of the "Roma presence" in Bulgarian literature in the PRB era. Zeszyty Łużyckie, 58(2), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.32798/zl.1071

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