Romowie w kinie bułgarskim – szkic do portretu

Wojciech Jóźwiak

doi:10.32798/zl.1056

Published: 2023-01-23

Vol. 58 No. 2 (2022)

The Roma ethnos in Bulgarian cinema – sketch of a portrait

Wojciech Jóźwiak

Zeszyty Łużyckie

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.32798/zl.1056

Abstract

The Roma people – an ethnic group which left their ancestral homeland in northwest India to appear in the Balkans (including Bulgarian lands) in the 11^th century, and became an integral part of the ethnic mosaic inhabiting this part of Europe.

Based on stereotypes, the fear of strangers, and the fear for one's own existence inherent to the Roma, has been noticeable in Bulgarian cinematography nearly from its beginnings.

The Roma theme, present since the 1920s, has undergone a clearly visible transformation due to the changing social conditions and political and ideological pressure. A distinct change in the way the Roma has been portrayed took place in the Bulgarian cinema after the political and social breakthrough of the late 1980s. Freed from the ideological pressure on the part of the party and state authorities, film makers have portrayed stereotypes accompanying the image of the Roma in the Bulgarian collective consciousness as well as the phobias that hindered the establishing of mutual relations. Such image of the Roma is accompanied by one foregrounding the characteristics of the contemporary Bulgarian society, presented by directors such as Georgi Dyulgerov, Milena Andonova, Lychezar Avramov, or Kamen Kalev, with prominent features of a predatory identity as described by Arjun Appadurai, i.e. one based on a conviction that the majority could become a minority unless another minority disappears. The fear of extermination generates aversion and hostility towards the representatives of the Roma minority, which makes the recognition and assimilation processes difficult.

Keywords:

Bulgarian cinema, alien, Roma, ethnic minority, stereotype

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Jóźwiak, W. (2023). The Roma ethnos in Bulgarian cinema – sketch of a portrait. Zeszyty Łużyckie, 58(2), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.32798/zl.1056

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Wojciech Jóźwiak

wojj@amu.edu.pl

Affiliation:

IFS UAM Poznań Poland

Bio Statement (e.g., department and rank)

Wojciech Jóźwiak, dr hab., bułgarysta, literaturoznawca, profesor UAM, zatrudniony w Instytucie Filologii Słowiańskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Główne zainteresowania naukowe: bułgarska proza XIX–XX wieku, kino bułgarskie doby socjalistycznej, numizmatyka słowiańska. Autor monografii: Piśmiennictwo polskiej misji unickiej na terenie Bułgarii w drugiej połowie XIX wieku (2008), Obraz początku i końca średniowiecznego państwa w bułgarskiej powieści historycznej z lat 1874–1989 (2017).