Duchowa przemiana? O fikcji literackiej, snach i religii w „Sarashina nikki”



Abstrakt

Sarashina nikki (Sarashina diary) is an example of nikki bungaku (memoirs/diaries) written by Sugawara no Takasue’s daughter (the real name of the author is unknown) in the Heian period (8th-12th century). Her work stands out for the description of her travels and pilgrimages, reading passion and dreams. The memoirs start with her childhood days. She remembers her joy at listening to tales and praying to the Yakushi Buddha to be able to read all of them. Then she reports her long (lasting three months) travel back to the capital with her father, an assistant governor of Kazusa. Afterwards she describes her joy at being presented with a complete text of the Genji monogatari (Tale of Genji), and her dreams to live the life described in the novel. When her life does not turn out the way she wanted, she blames it on her addiction to tales, which made her live in a fantasy world, neglecting her faith. Aside from the whirl of romance stories, the enormous number of dreams the author had had play an important role in Sarashina nikki. The world she lives in is, quite literally, a world of dreams and fiction. The author, however, is aware of this and the diary is meant to be a tale of religious conversion or spiritual metamorphosis. She eventually learns the disparity between reality and dreams and, through this, learns the truths about Buddhism. The diary, then, is meant to be a warning against the perils and temptations of the world. In the present paper, through discussion of the meaning of dreams and the role of fictional stories in life of the diary’s protagonist, the author aims to show, how these two factors have influenced her religious awakening, and, in consequence, her spiritual metamorphosis.

Słowa kluczowe

Sarashina nikki; sny; opowieści (monogatari); Genji monogatari; metamorfoza duchowa

Akiyama Ken. 1999. Ochojoryunikki hikkei [Vademecum kobiecych pamiętników dworskich]. Tokyo: Gakutosha.

Ambros Barbara. 1997. "Liminal Journeys: Pilgrimages of Noblewomen in Mid-Heian Japan". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 24/3-4 : 328-340.

Burzyńska Anna, Michał P. Markowski. 2009. Teorie literatury XX wieku. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.

Field Norma. 1987. The Splendor of Longing in „The Tale of Genji”. Princeton University Press.

Hosaka Hiroshi. 1995. Genji monogatari. Tokyo: Gakutobunko.

Inukai Kiyoshi. 1981. "Sarashina nikki sakuhin no kozo" [Sarashina nikki: struktura utworu]. Kokubungaku 26 : 94.

Inukai Kiyoshi. 1971. Sarashina nikki. Shin nihon koten bungaku taikei [Nowy systematyczny zbiór japońskiej literatury klasycznej], t. 24. Tokyo: Shogakkan.

Inukai Kiyoshi. 1975. "Takasue no musume ni kansuru shiron: shu toshite sono chunenki o megutte" [Esej na temat córki Takasuego: głównie o jej okresie dorosłości]. Heianchonikki 2.

Kawamura Yuko. 2005. Ochoseikatsu no kiso chishiki [Podstawowa wiedza o życiu dworskim]. Tokyo: Kadokawa Sensho.

Keene Donald. 1981. Appreciations of Japanese Culture. Tokyo: Kenkyusha.

Keene Donald. 1993. Seeds in the heart: Japanese literature from earliest times to the late sixteenth century. New York: Henry Holt & Co.

Kikuta Shigeo. 1981. "Monogatari gensono horaku" [Rozwianie ułudy opowieści]. Kokubungaku 26 : 39.

Kordzińska-Nawrocka Iwona. 2009. Dziesięć wieków „Genji monogatari” w kulturze Japonii. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa UW.

Kordzińska-Nawrocka Iwona. 2005. Japońska miłość dworska. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Trio.

Koyano Jun’ichi. 2003. Heian nikki no hyosho [Symbolika pamiętników doby Heian]. Tokyo: Kasama Shoin.

Matsumoto Yasushi. 1981. "Sarashina nikki: yume to shinko" [Sarashina nikki: sny i wiara]. Kokubungaku 26 : 68.

Melanowicz Mikołaj. 2003. Formy w literaturze japońskiej. Kraków: Wydawnictwo UJ.

Melanowicz Mikołaj. 1994. Literatura japońska, t.1: Od VI do połowy XIX wieku. Warszawa: PWN.

Miner Earl, Odagiri Hiroko, Robert E. Morell. 1988. The Princeton Companion to Classical Japanese Literature. Princeton University Press.

Mitsuno Yoichi. 1983. "Utamanabi to utamonogatari" [Nauka poezji a opowieści do wierszy]. Kokugo to kokubungaku 712.

Morris Ivan. 1975. As I Crossed a Bridge of Dreams: Recollections of a Woman in Eleventh Century Japan. London: Classics.

Morris Ivan. 1973. Świat Księcia Promienistego. Warszawa: PIW.

Mulhern Chieko I, red. 1994. Japanese women writers. Westport - London: Greenwood Press.

Murai Yasuhiko. 1986. Heian kizoku no sekai [Świat arystokracji heiańskiej], t.2. Tokyo: Tokuma shoten.

Ricoeur Paul. 2003. O sobie samym jako innym. Warszawa: PWN.

Sarra Edith. 1999. Fictions of Femininity: literary inventions of gender in Japanese court women’s memoirs. Stanford University Press.

Saunders Ernest Dale. 1985. Mudra: A Study of Symbolic Gestures in Japanese Buddhist Sculpture. Princeton University Press.

Tada Kazuomi. 1984. Sugawara no Takasue no musume. W Akiyama Ken. Ocho bungaku shi [Historia literatury dworskiej], 350. Tokyo daigaku shuppankai.

Takahashi Bunji. 1993. Sarashina nikki no sakusha wa yume ni nani o motometa ka [Czego pragnęła w snach autorka Sarashina nikki?]. Kokubungaku 38 : 51.

Tsumoto Nobuhiro. 1982. Sarashina nikki no kenkyu [Studia nad Sarashina nikki]. Tokyo: Waseda daigaku shuppanbu.

Ueda Makoto. 1991. Lady Murasaki on the Art of Novel. Truth and Falsehood in Fiction. W Literary and Art Theories in Japan, 26. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan.

Yamaori Tetsuo. 1997. "The Image of «Rokujo» or Elderly Women in Japanese Legend". Japan Review 9 : 29-40.

Yoshioka Hiroshi. 1971. Sarashina nikki, "Shin nihon koten bungaku taikei" [Nowy systematyczny zbiór japońskiej literatury klasycznej], t. 24. Tokyo: Shogakkan.

Pobierz


Opublikowane : 2019-10-01


Bednarczyk, A. (2019). Duchowa przemiana? O fikcji literackiej, snach i religii w „Sarashina nikki”. Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo, 3(6) cz.2, 243-264. Pobrano z https://www.journals.polon.uw.edu.pl/index.php/pfl/article/view/247

Adam Bednarczyk 
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu  Polska



Wszystkie artykuły prezentowane na łamach „Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo” są publikowane w otwartym dostępie na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa wersja 3.0  (CC-BY)