Lithuanian intensive causatives and their history


Abstract

The article deals with a small group of Lithuanian verbs in which causative morphology has acquired an intensive function. While causative-intensive polyfunctionality is well attested typologically, the Lithuanian instance is interesting in that the intensive function manifests itself in reflexivised causatives. This development seems to be a consequence of the co-occurrence of causative and reflexive derivation as devices for building transitivity pairs in Baltic. The combination of the two devices yields intransitivised causatives that become semantically differentiated from the corresponding primary intransitives through developing an intensive function.

Keywords

causative, reflexive, intensive, Lithuanian, Baltic

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2018. Causatives which do not cause: Non-valency-increasing effects of a valency-increasing derivation. In: Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald & R. M. W. Dixon, Language at Large. Essays on Syntax and Semantics. Leiden: Brill, 86–142.
Ambrazas, Vytautas. 1979. Lietuvių kalbos dalyvių istorinė sintaksė [Historical Syntax of the Lithuanian Participles]. Vilnius: Mokslas.
Arkadiev, Peter. 2011. Aspect and actionality in Lithuanian on a typological background. In: Daniel Petit, Claire Le Feuvre & Henri Menantaud, eds., Langues baltiques, langues slaves. Paris: Editions CNRS, 61–92.
Arkadiev, Peter. 2013. From transitivity to aspect: The causative-inchoative alternation and its extensions in Lithuanian. Baltic Linguistics 4, 39–77.
Arkadiev, Peter & Jurgis Pakerys. 2015. Lithuanian morphological causatives. A corpus-based study. In: Axel Holvoet & Nicole Nau, eds., Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic, Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 39–97.
Dixon, R. M. W. 2000. A typology of causatives: form, syntax and meaning. In: R. M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, eds., Changing Valency. Case Studies in Transitivity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 30–83.
Haspelmath, Martin. 1993. More on the typology of inchoative/causative verb alternations. In Bernhard Comrie & Maria Polinsky, eds., Causatives and Transitivity, Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 87–120.
Holvoet, Axel. 2014. Phasal and proximative complementation: Lithuanian baigti. Baltic Linguistics 5, 81–122.
Holvoet, Axel. 2015. Extended uses of morphological causatives in Latvian. In: Axel Holvoet & Nicole Nau, eds., Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic, Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 147–177.
Holvoet, Axel. 2020. The Middle Voice in Baltic. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Kittilä, Seppo. 2009. Causative morphemes as non-valency-increasing devices. Folia Linguistica 43.1, 67–94.
Kulikov, Leonid I. 1993. The “second causative”: A typological sketch. In: Bernard Comrie & Maria Polinsky, eds., Causatives and Transitivity. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 121–145.
Kulikov, Leonid I. 2001. Causatives. In: Martin Haspelmath et al., Language Typology and Language Universals. An International Handbook, Vol. 2. Berlin etc.: Mouton de Gruyter, 886–898.
Lass, Roger. 1990. How to do things with junk: Exaptation in language evolution. Journal of Linguistics 26, 79–102.
Nau, Nicole. 2015. Morphological causatives in contemporary Latvian. In: Axel Holvoet & Nicole Nau, eds., Voice and Argument Structure in Baltic. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 99–145.
Nau, Nicole & Jurgis Pakerys. 2016. Transitivity pairs in Baltic: Between Finnic and Slavic. Lingua Posnaniensis 63.2, 83–126.
Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. & Georgij G. Sil’nickij. 1969. Tipologija morfologičeskogo i leksičeskogo kauzativov [The typology of the morphological and lexical causative]. In: Aleksandr Xolodovič, ed., Tipologija kauzativnyx konstrukcij. Morfologičeskij kauzativ [Typology of Causative Constructions. The Morphological Causative]. Leningrad: Nauka, 20–50.
Otrębski, Jan. 1965. Gramatyka języka litewskiego. Vol. ii. Nauka o budowie wyrazów [Lithuanian Grammar: Word Formation]. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Rassudova, O. P. 1968. Upotreblenie vidov glagola v russkom jazyke [The Use of the Verbal Aspects in Russian]. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta.
Stang, Christian S. 1966. Vergleichende Grammatik der baltischen Sprachen. Oslo–Bergen–Tromsö: Universitetsforlaget.
Download

Published : 2020-12-30


Holvoet, A. (2020). Lithuanian intensive causatives and their history. Baltic Linguistics, 11, 415–437. https://doi.org/10.32798/bl.709

Axel Holvoet 
Vilnius University  Lithuania